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Policy Debate

Digital Automation Technologies and the Future of Work(ers) in the UK: A Policy Roadmap

Maria Savona and Brian MacAulay

University of Sussex Policy Brief

With the accelerating pace of recent years, there is an urgent need for policymakers to address the current and future impact of emerging digital automation technologies on jobs, skills demand, and wage inequality. Critical decisions will need to be made to ensure that investment, education, and skills training keep up with a range of technological and socioeconomic shifts. 

Key findings

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Abgehängte Ältere? Wie ältere Arbeitskräfte am modernen Arbeitsmarkt teilhaben können

Oliver Falck, Valentin Lindlacher, Simon Wiederhold

ifo Schnelldienst 11/2023 

In diesem Beitrag dokumentieren wir zunächst, inwieweit es den OECD-Ländern gelingt, Arbeitnehmer*innen verschiedener Altersgruppen mit digitalen Grundkenntnissen auszustatten. Wir konzentrieren uns auf Arbeitnehmer*innen im Alter von 55 bis 65 Jahren und zeigen dann die Folgen unzureichender digitaler Fähigkeiten für den Arbeitsmarkt auf.

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Durch eine Ausbildung erworbene Kompetenzen zahlen sich auf dem Arbeitsmarkt aus

Christina Langer, Jakob Peiffer, Simon Wiederhold

ifo Schnelldienst, 76(07), 32-36

Ein Großteil der Jugendlichen in Deutschland beginnt nach der Schule eine duale Berufsausbildung. Die Inhalte dieser Berufsausbildungen und die dort vermittelten Kompetenzen sind bundesweit einheitlich in Ausbildungsplänen geregelt. Christina Langer, Jakob Peiffer, KU Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, und Simon Wiederhold, IWH, erfassen insgesamt mehr als 13 000 verschiedene Kompetenzen aus diesen Ausbildungsplänen, sowie deren genaue Lerndauer. Sie zeigen, dass sich vor allem kognitive, soziale und digitale Kompetenzen, die während der Ausbildung erworben wurden, auf dem Arbeitsmarkt auszahlen.

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https://www.ifo.de/en/publikationen/2023/aufsatz-zeitschrift/ausbildung-erworbe…

Skills Mismatch, Automation, and Training: Evidence from 17 European Countries Using Survey Data and Online Job Ads

Yuchen Guo, Christina Langer, Fabio Mercorio, Francesco Trentini

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 11-15

  • Linking survey data and online job ads offers new insights into skills gaps in the EU
  • Matching labor market needs and skill supply remains a Europe-wide challenge
  • Manual workers have skill supply shortages, cognitive workers have skill supply surpluses
  • Workers at higher risk of automation experience higher skill shortages, potentially because their job tasks are
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https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/skills-mismatch-aut…

Heterogeneous Adjustments of Employment to Automation Technologies: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries in European Regions

Tommaso Ciarli, Florencia Jaccoud, Fabien Petit

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 24-28

  • Employment adjustments to automation vary across industries, regions, technologies, and time
  • Technological penetration of robots is related to higher employment within the industry in low-tech regions in the short run
  • Robots are negatively correlated to employment in knowledge-intensive regions
  • Regional heterogeneity in employment adjustment to robots is not
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https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/heterogeneous-adjus…

Nearshoring and Farsharing in Europe within the Global Economy

Filippo Bontadini, Valentina Meliciani, Maria Savona, Ariel Wirkierman

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 37-42

  • We distinguish the geographical source and destination of value added contributed by each country-industry to each country-global-value-chain (GVC) from both input sourcing and output destination perspectives
  • We define indicators that capture the relative intensity of regional vis-à-vis global (i.e., extra-regional) components of foreign value added and employment
  • Europe is increasingly sou
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https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/nearshoring-and-far…

Elderly Left Behind? How Older Workers Can Participate in the Modern Labor Market

Oliver Falck, Valentin Lindlacher, Simon Wiederhold

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 16-19

  • Digital skills are positively related to employment prospects and productivity of older workers
  • They also enable older workers to work in high-paying jobs
  • Fortunately, digital skills can be acquired and honed at all ages
  • Policymakers should incentivize employers to offer more training for the elderly and fund training programs in higher-education institution
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https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/elderly-left-behind…

Regional Diversification and Inequality between and within Regions

Ron Boschma

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 29-32

  • The relationship between diversification and wage inequality in regions is still poorly understood
  • Related diversification is crucial for economic growth of regions
  • Related diversification in more complex industries tends to increase wage inequality between regions
  • Related diversification in less complex industries tends to reduce wage inequality
  • I
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https://www.cesifo.org/en/publikationen/2022/aufsatz-zeitschrift/regional-diver…

The Design of Digital Automation Technologies: Implications for the Future of Work

Maria Savona, Tommaso Ciarli, Ed Steinmueller, Simone Vannuccini

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 4-10

  • Automation technologies, including within the same family, are fundamentally heterogeneous in their design and the tasks they can execute.
  • While the number of sectors that are exposed to most digital automation technologies is still relatively limited, it is expanding.
  • Data-intensive technologies are more pervasive in services than in manufacturing sector.
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https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/design-digital-auto…

Robots, AI, and Immigration – A Race for Talent or of Displaced Workers

Yvonne Giesing, Britta Rude

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 20-23

  • Adoption of new technologies can affect different skill groups differently, potentially increasing inequality between migrant and native populations
  • New technologies often create skill shortages
  • Industrial robots and artificial intelligence have important beneficial labor market effects on natives, but not migrants
  • We observe an increase in the immigrant inflow as a
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https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/robots-ai-and-immig…

The Effect of Robotization in OECD Countries on Latin American Exports

Andreas Baur, Lisandra Flach, Isabella Gourevich

EconPol Forum 23 (5), 33-36

  • The effects of automation in high-income countries are not limited to domestic economies, but might spill over via global supply chains
  • We evaluate the effects of robot adoption in OECD countries on exports from Latin America to the OECD along the value chain
  • We combine detailed firm-level data for four Latin American countries with data on robot adoption and input-ou
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https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2022/article-journal/effect-robotization…

Wird uns das Homeoffice erhalten bleiben? Ein Blick in 35 Millionen Stellenanzeigen

Jean-Victor Alipour, Christina Langer, Layla O’Kane

ifo Schnelldienst 74 (09), 46-52

  • We analyze the prevalence of working from home (WfH) in Germany using more than 35 million online job advertisements from 2014 to 2021
  • While the option to work from home was rare in job advertisements before the coronavirus crisis, the shock of the pandemic led to a boom
  • At the same time, regional, occupational, and sectoral inequalities in access to WfH have decreased during the pandemic
  • We also document a higher demand for digital skills, teamwork, and adaptability in job ads with a
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https://www.ifo.de/en/publikationen/2021/article-journal/will-people-continue-w…

Is Working from Home Here to Stay? A Look at 35 Million Job Ads

Jean-Victor Alipour, Christina Langer and Layla O’Kane

ifo Institute, Munich, 2021, CESifo Forum 22 (6), 41-46

We analyze the prevalence of working from home (WfH) in Germany using more than 35 million online job advertisements from 2014 to 2021. While a WfH option was rare in job ads before the crisis, the Covid-19 shock led to an unprecedented WfH boom. At the same time, regional, occupational, and sectoral inequalities in access to WfH have decreased during the pandemic. We also document a higher demand for digital skills, teamwork, and adaptability in job ads with a WfH option. We conclude with an outlook for the future of WfH.

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www.cesifo.org/de/publikationen/2021/aufsatz-zeitschrift/working-home-here-stay…

Apprenticeship Skills Pay Off on the Labor Market

 Christina Langer, Jakob Peiffer, Simon Wiederhold

EconPol Forum 24 (6), 39-43

  • Apprenticeship plans provide the basis for reliably and comprehensively classifying the skills of a large share of Germany’s workforce
  • In total, we classify more than 13,000 different skills and the duration of learning each skill based on the apprenticeship plans
  • Workers who have acquired higher cognitive, social, or digital skills during their apprenticeship earn higher wages in the short and long term
  • In particular, the value of digital skills has risen sharply since the 1990s, parallel to the increasing use of computers in the workplace
  • The speed at
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https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/econpol-forum-2023-6-langer-peiffer-wiederhold-app…
econpol-forum-2023-6-langer-peiffer-wiederhold-apprenticeship-skills.pdf

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